Vectors in Python: NumPy Tutorial with Examples

A vector in a simple term can be considered as a single-dimensional array. With respect to Python, a vector is a one-dimensional array of lists. It occupies the elements in a similar manner as that of a Python list.

Let us now understand the Creation of a vector in Python.

Python NumPy module is used to create a vector. We use numpy.array() method to create a one-dimensional array i.e. a vector.

Syntax:

numpy.array(list)

Example 1: Horizontal Vector

import numpy as np 

lst = [10,20,30,40,50] 

vctr = np.array(lst) 

vctr = np.array(lst) 

print("Vector created from a list:") 
print(vctr) 

Output:

Vector created from a list:
[10 20 30 40 50]

Example 2: Vertical Vector

import numpy as np 

lst = [[2], 
        [4], 
        [6],
          [10]]  

vctr = np.array(lst) 

vctr = np.array(lst) 

print("Vector created from a list:") 
print(vctr) 

Output:

Vector created from a list:
[[ 2]
 [ 4]
 [ 6]
 [10]]

Having created a Vector, now let us perform some basic operations on these Vectors now!

Here is a list of the basic operations that can be performed on a Vector–

• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
• Dot Product, etc.

Let us begin!

1. Performing addition operation on a Python Vector

Below, we have performed Vector addition operation on the vectors.

The addition operation would take place in an element-wise manner i.e. element by element and further the resultant vector would have the same length as of the two additive vectors.

Syntax:

vector + vector

Example:

import numpy as np 

lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50] 
lst2 = [1,2,3,4,5]


vctr1 = np.array(lst1) 

vctr2= np.array(lst2) 


print("Vector created from a list 1:") 
print(vctr1) 
print("Vector created from a list 2:") 
print(vctr2) 

vctr_add = vctr1+vctr2
print("Addition of two vectors: ",vctr_add)

Output:

Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 2 3 4 5]
Addition of two vectors:  [11 22 33 44 55]

2. Performing Subtraction of two vectors

On similar lines, in subtraction as well, the element-wise fashion would be followed and further the elements of vector 2 will get subtracted from vector 1.

Let us have a look at it’s implementation!

import numpy as np 

lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50] 
lst2 = [1,2,3,4,5]

vctr1 = np.array(lst1) 

vctr2= np.array(lst2) 

print("Vector created from a list 1:") 
print(vctr1) 
print("Vector created from a list 2:") 
print(vctr2) 

vctr_sub = vctr1-vctr2
print("Subtraction of two vectors: ",vctr_sub)

Output:

Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 2 3 4 5]
Subtraction of two vectors:  [ 9 18 27 36 45]

3. Performing multiplication of two vectors

In a Vector multiplication, the elements of vector 1 get multiplied by the elements of vector 2 and the product vector is of the same length as of the multiplying vectors.

Let us try to visualize the multiplication operation:

x = [10,20] and y = [1,2] are two vectors. So the product vector would be v[ ],

v[0] = x[0] * y[0]
v[1] = x[1] * y[1]

Have a look at the below code!

import numpy as np 

lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50] 
lst2 = [1,2,3,4,5]

vctr1 = np.array(lst1) 

vctr2= np.array(lst2) 

print("Vector created from a list 1:") 
print(vctr1) 
print("Vector created from a list 2:") 
print(vctr2) 

vctr_mul = vctr1*vctr2
print("Multiplication of two vectors: ",vctr_mul)

Output:

Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 2 3 4 5]
Multiplication of two vectors:  [ 10  40  90 160 250]

4. Performing Vector division operation

In vector division, the resultant vector is the quotient values after carrying out division operation on the two vectors.

Consider the below example for a better understanding.

x = [10,20] and y = [1,2] are two vectors. So the resultant vector v would be,

v[0] = x[0] / y[0]
v[1] = x[1] / y[1]

Let us now implement the above concept.

Example:

import numpy as np 
 
lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50] 
lst2 = [10,20,30,40,50]
 
vctr1 = np.array(lst1) 
 
vctr2= np.array(lst2) 
 
print("Vector created from a list 1:") 
print(vctr1) 
print("Vector created from a list 2:") 
print(vctr2) 
 
vctr_div = vctr1/vctr2
print("Division of two vectors: ",vctr_div)

Output:

Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Multiplication of two vectors:  [ 1 1 1 1 1 ]

5. Vector Dot Product

In a vector dot product, we perform the summation of the product of the two vectors in an element-wise fashion.

Let us have a look at the below.

vector c = x . y = (x1 * y1 + x2 * y2)

Example:

import numpy as np 

lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50] 
lst2 = [1,1,1,1,1]


vctr1 = np.array(lst1) 

vctr2= np.array(lst2) 


print("Vector created from a list 1:") 
print(vctr1) 
print("Vector created from a list 2:") 
print(vctr2) 

vctr_dot = vctr1.dot(vctr2)
print("Dot product of two vectors: ",vctr_dot)

Output:

Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 1 1 1 1]
Dot product of two vectors: 150

By this, we have come to the end of this topic.

In order to have a deeper understanding about vectors, do try out creating a vector and performing the above mentioned operations and let us know your understanding in the comment box!

Feel free to comment below, in case you come across any question. For more such posts related to Python, Stay tuned and till then,

Happy Learning!! :)